- Height of Spillway Masonry Wall
= 0.75m
- Number of sluice gates (0.35m
Diameter.) = 4
Earth Embankments:
Embankment 1:
- Length
= 1600m
- Embankment Top Level = 102.00m
- Number of Openings = 5 (Each of 40m
width and crest level of 100.40m)
Embankment 2:
- Length = 1130m
- Embankment Top Level = 101.00m
- Number of Openings = 5 (Each of 30m
width and crest level of 99.65m)
Operation Procedures
Irrigation Process:
Initially the sluice gates of the two
control structures are closed. During
the flood season water starts to rise
and spreads out on the agricultural area
upstream of embankment 1, until it
reaches the crest level, 100.40m. When
the water level rises above 100.40m,
the water starts to flow downstream
of embankment 1 and spreads out
on the agricultural area upstream of
embankment 2.
The floodwater continues to flow until
the water level upstream of embankment
2 reaches the crest level, 99.65m. When
the water level rises above 99.65m,
water starts to flow downstream of
embankment 2 and spreads out through
the agricultural area downstream of
embankment 2.
Hafir System: Part of the floodwater
upstream of embankment 2, is diverted
to fill a hafir, which is used as a source
of drinking water for people and
livestock.
Silt Control:
Initially all the sluice gates of both
control structures are closed. If the
amount of silt deposited upstream of
the control structures and embankments
becomes significant the sluice gates can
be opened fully or partially to wash out
the silt.
V. INSTITUTIONALISING
THE EXPERIENCE
LOCAL engineers were trained
in surveying, designing and
implementation of dam construction.
The University of Khartoum has
incorporated this new dam building
approach into its curriculum for civil
engineers, mainly hydrology section
of civil engineering for both graduates
and postgraduate students. One of the
Master’s students, who is originally
from Darfur is now working for ITDG
as construction engineer responsible for
water projects.
A number of departments at El Fashir
University are also involved in studying
the impacts of ITDG interventions on
the environment, farmers livelihoods,
gender impact, etc.
20
PRACTICAL ANSWERS
TO POVERTY